Is China going to be the next major city caused the Global warming Essay

Is China going to be the following significant city caused the Global warming - Essay Example China’s financial improvement has been unavoidably subject to the utilization of coal for vitality. Vitality utilization and monetary turn of events, and thus ecological issues in China have been interrelated. Coal is the principle wellspring of vitality and consuming of coal prompts discharge of green house gases. This is the thing that has lead to the negative impacts of China’s monetary advancement on an unnatural weather change. China has outperformed USA as the world’s driving producer of green house gases (Landsberg, 2011). All around, there has been a steady increment in the interest for vitality. So is the situation with China. As the number of inhabitants in China has been expanding so is its interest for vitality. Likewise the financial development is fuelled by this expansion in the interest for vitality. Financial development is driven by industrialization and this prompts higher vitality utilization. In china, the industrialization procedure is gener ally youthful and is relied upon to develop. This implies the effectively high vitality power in China will in any case increment. Consequently, as the financial development bend goes upwards so does the vitality request and thusly vitality utilization. As referenced above, China with its gigantic populace expends huge vitality. This colossal vitality utilization is the essential explanation for China’s negative effect on an Earth-wide temperature boost. ... is the emanation green house gases). As indicated by Zhang Zhongxiang, China’s GDP will go somewhere around 2% if there is a decline of 10-20% in the green house gases emanation. Likewise there will be a 1.29% expansion in the outflow of the green house gases when there is a 51% expansion in the per capita salary (Yu, 2008). This sets up the hypothesis that China’s monetary advancement has lead to a tremendous increment in the outflow of green house gases and thus prompting an Earth-wide temperature boost. Vitality request flexibility is a significant factor in dissecting the connection between vitality utilization or request and the monetary turn of events. Vitality request versatility is the proportion of vitality request development to GDP development. From 1978 to 2000, China’s vitality request flexibility was under .5. In any case, from 2001 to 2006 it rose to 1.5. This shows how the fast monetary improvement is related with higher vitality utilization. Anot her significant proof of the connection between China’s financial turn of events and an Earth-wide temperature boost is the way that the green house gas emanations had gone up multiple times in 1989 when contrasted with the 1952 outflows and the 2010 discharges is more than twofold the emanations in 1996. China’s monetary advancement has been facing upward since the changes in 1970. Henceforth, there is an unmistakable association between financial turn of events and a worldwide temperature alteration (gas discharges) (Hackett, 1998). Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency’s 2006 report discovered that China was presently the significant supporter of the worldwide ozone harming substance emanations. It has now overwhelmed USA and is the world’s driving producer of green house gases with an edge of 8%. 2007 saw a 2.6% development in the worldwide emanations and China was liable for

How to Choose the Best Essay Topics Common App

How to Choose the Best Essay Topics Common AppThis article provides some more details on the essay topics common app that you can use to make your essay topics more attractive and to help you get a better grade. These essays are often used in college admissions tests, but there are other applications for them as well.When writing essays, there are some essential things that you should take into consideration. First, you should make sure that your topic is interesting. In addition, you should consider the level of difficulty that you are looking for when writing your essay topics. You should also consider the number of people that you expect to read your essay before you submit it for submission.The best essay topics are often the topics that have two features - they are easy to write and they are hard to read. Although the essays are written by you, they are not always your best work, and therefore they need to be read. Of course, the reader's first impression is the most important o f all. It is the essay topics common app that will help you make sure that your essay topics are easy to read and that they have not been edited.Some of the best essay topics come from the research that you do and that you learn from in school. You should also make sure that your essay topics are not just written by you. When writing a sample essay, it is possible that your classmates might have done some extra work and you should use this information to help make your topic writing easier.There are some writers who prefer to keep their topic under one long essay, which is why they use short paragraphs. However, if you want to make the topics of your essay readable, you should use short paragraphs. However, if you feel that your topics are too long, it might be difficult to read your essays.The essay topics common app is a great help for students who are trying to figure out how to write an essay that will not only make them look good, but also be read by many people. You should als o make sure that you take time to make sure that the essay is read by more than one person before you submit it for submission. You should also make sure that you take time to get a high grade for your essays.If you are planning to take a test for admission to a college or university, you should be careful to make sure that your essay is the best possible topic for the essay topics common app. If you find that your essay topics are not common enough, you should not worry. There are many options available to you in order to increase the number of people that will be able to read your essay. You should consider getting feedback from your professor as well as the people that you know before you make a decision about how to make your essay topics common app.The essay topics common app is often the most popular topics for high school students and college students to use for their college applications. The topics are so common that you will be able to find many students who are willing to take the time to read your essay for feedback before you submit it for college. If you take the time to write your essay topics based on the fact that many people will be reading them, you will be more likely to get a higher grade for your essays than you otherwise would have.

How Language Empowers People free essay sample

Language is significant transmission medium and data stockpiling in people’s public activity. The most significant capacity of a language is the correspondence work, I. e. capacity of data move or considerations trade. The methods for articulation of data can be different: composed, oral and even non-verbal as mimicry, motions, and so on. The principle part of data coursing in the public arena exists in the language structure. That’s why the absence of information or handicap to utilize it effectively affects a person’s whole life. Above all else, it effects on instruction. Perusing and talking are the most significant pieces of a learning procedure. Nobody can be considered as an accomplished individual without being educated. In addition, the American instructive framework is amazingly worried on evaluations and high GPA. Along these lines, the eventual fate of an individual relies upon how hard he/she has worked during the school and school a very long time to give the straight way to the University. Another angle is that the absence of instruction prompts low-wage Job. By talking the individual gives data as well as can impact others. The Russian artist Vadim Shefner composed: It is conceivable to slaughter with the word; it is conceivable to protect with the word; it is conceivable to move troops with the word. Without this capacity the individual loses the preferred position to accomplish his own objectives and show signs of improvement Job. It is obvious that in these days each organization looks for fearlessness and administration in another worker, particularly for top positions, which are difficult to get without having astounding correspondences aptitudes. Just the information on all shades and subtleties of language permits coordinating individuals, managing uties and settling the contentions with the best outcomes. Along these lines, the viable key to splendid profession is the equivalent: capacity to utilize language suitably. After point by point contemplating a word reference, the new information encouraged Malcolm X to turn into the most impressive African American pioneer and composed, l never had been so genuinely free in my life (43). Language issues additionally hurt mental (passionate) character of a person. To begin with, as unmistakably shows D. Raymond in his paper, the individual feels and accepts he is imbecilic. His self-assurance is equivalent to zero. Besides, the powerlessness to impart well prompts dejection. Anyway, it was terrible, on the grounds that more than anything I needed companions (52). Individuals, particularly kids, are extremely forceful when they cannot get anything. Not being preferred panics them, and they attempt to fght by prodding others. Thirdly, the failure to change the circumstance gives the just one right choice in their psyches to end it all, as l wish I were dead! or then again prompts a profound wretchedness (51). Lastly, the language deficiency influences on public activity ofa individual. Being a displaced person and having English as a third language, I had hard time to locate the correct words to clarify what I required or what I felt. Society not generally remains faithful to those individuals who are communicating contemplations with incredible endeavors. Some of the time they Judge individuals as hindered uniquely on a premise of their capacity to talk. Likewise the issues with language made challenges in a procedure of osmosis since migrants keep close with one another and decline to acknowledge the conventions and culture of another nation. Besides, obviously that in develop age these issues will have egative effect on a people relationship witn the other gender making troubles in making his own family. Nothing could be more terrible that resembling a looser during the date with a man/lady of your fantasy being not able to make a straightforward request from the menu in an eatery. Language is the most impressive weapon. All individuals on our planet can talk. They communicate in various dialects, yet in any language the principle task is to assist with seeing each other during the time spent correspondence. It is difficult to build up the general public, science, method, and workmanship without language. What's more, et us generally feel like the little visually impaired young lady who after the absolute first day of being familiar with a language noted, It would have been hard to locate a more joyful youngster than I was the point at which we are finding the boundless ground-breaking universe of Language!

New 401k Plan Internal Memo Research Assignment - 550 Words

New 401k Plan Internal Memo Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Date:February 9, 2016To:Jill HillingsFrom:Jane SmithSubject:New 401k PlanAs you are very aware of the current business situation, there is a dire need to adjust on our service delivery methods. This will enhance the efficiency with which our customers are served and their satisfactions met. An increase in the volume of customers coming into our restaurant is a good corporate reflection. We need to make the best service delivery strategies to ensure all those who come in get delighted and be willing to purchase and re-purchase from us again and again as we advance our market share. This will not only be profitable to the firm but also result in our happiness.Based on our service delivery methods at present, the ordering system has always been stipulated in such a manner that can only meet to effectively serve a small number of clients at ago. We have got quite a number of competing counterpart restaurants in the industry which were sampled on the basis of their systems and in deed we can far much be better ahead of them if we revise and update our ordering systems.Going by the evaluation of the 401k Restaurant; critical analysis has been made on the delivery process and the result may not be promising if necessary adjustment is not made. As per the current state of affair below are the findings: * Customers order and table number are recorded by counter staff on a ticket. * After the customer pays, the ticket is given to the sandwich makers who complete the order. * One of the counter staffs then takes the order to the customers table.Approximately the whole process results in a lead time of 4.7minutes per customer. It would be awesome to enhance the efficiency to a lead time of 2minutes per customer. It is possible and we have all the resources and knowledge to work this plan out. All that have to be is to restructure the roles of the employees. The firm will be better placed if the following recommendations are implemented: * Limited menu selec tion. * Payments to be effected by the customers immediately as they sign in. * Division of labor among the counter...

Great Buildings and Structures in Architechure

I am Innocent to a Witch. I Know Not What a Witch is.”...

â€Å"Now, Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away†¦ It is a providence and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now. Aye, naked! And the wind, God’s icy wind, will blow!† (205) This powerful quote is taken from The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller during the Red Scare of the 1950’s. Miller, accused in the McCarthy trials, wrote the play about the Salem Witch Trials in 1692 to criticize the way history was repeating itself and how hysteria was taking over the masses. Arthur Miller’s writing style adds to the retelling of the Witch Trials by his use of diction, syntax, and metaphors. These techniques help give insight to how the people of the Trials felt and give the characters a more solid feel, enhance imagery, as well as make the setting vivid and believable. Diction is essentially the word choice used in a medium. In The Crucible, the use of diction to create a believable image of the Puritan life and speech is crucial to the story. Miller uses archaic vocabulary in The Crucible often to create a more feasible Puritan setting and to enhance the characterization of the people involved. Puritans, being a highly pious people, were more likely to use words such as â€Å"penitence† (239) and â€Å"harlot† (221) than we would today. In today’s times, instead of penitence, one would be more likely to say regret and, instead of harlot, say whore. Danforth is the highest in rank of the judges of the Trials. Miller has to use

Japanese Business Etiquette Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Japanese Business Etiquette Management? Answer: Introducation Family background and social life experiences motivate Emilys entrepreneurship venture. The food oriented cultural background gives her the exposure to the industry and she learns how to prepare food experiments. These experiences prepare her to become an expert in sauces, and condiments. From the social system, she also learns how to bottle gifts and it shapes her entrepreneurship skills. Owner of the Aromatic Condiment Shop and a small-scale production unit in Perth, she specializes in the use of natural ingredients. Her plans to expand globally starting with Japan targets products that are popular in all parts of the world. These include chili sauces, pastes, jam varieties and chutney. Her intention is to work with Mr. Hamasaki who is aged 50 in the Japanese market. In order to proceed with the business in the region, Emily needs a strategic plan. This analytical essay presents a simplified approach on the practical steps to take. The discussion explains how to start a business in a foreign land, with reference to the cultural dimension theory and GLOBE models. Getting it right the first time gives a good foundation for Aromatic Condiment Shop. For a start, she needs to learn the proper manners for social interaction in order to avoid being misunderstood. What is culture and what characteristics does it have? Beliefs and practices may make sense in one place yet appear ignorant in another. Emily needs to package her brand in a way that makes sense in japan just as much as it has in Australia. First, it starts with her own self-image. She needs to learn the proper dress code, business suits, and traditional attire. In addition, the brand name Aromatic Condiment Shop needs to have proper words, logo and elements. Aromatic means a pleasant aroma while condiment implies spices and sauces. In Japan and the Asian region, aromatherapy and condiments are important aspects in culinary and beauty treatment(Barton, 2017). Culture is about the society, food, drink, lifestyle, fashion, language, values and other aspects of the society. Sauces such as soy and sesame are popular in the region. These are common elements in the global cuisine but Emily needs to package the brand appropriately for the specific environment. Culture is an identity that people in a society associate with. This includes, believes, practices, norms and values, which contain social knowledge and identity. The shared culture makes it easier for Emily because Japan and Asian communities are culturally rigid. Emily needs to find out if there is any weird meaning or symbol associated with her products. The best way to connect business with cultural dimensions is to understand Hofstedes theory of cultural dimension, which recommends the use of national culture for business decisions. It looks at four factors that a business entity can use for market entry in a new region. These are individualism, masculinity, power distance and uncertainty avoidance(Chhokar, et al., 2013). From this application, Aromatic Condiment Shop needs to make a decision on the perfect location for the brand. Emily needs to find out from Mr. Hamasaki about the peoples beliefs in the food industry, peoples choices and how the level of partnership between Emily and Hamasaki. National culture shows differences in value systems as well as similarities that the two can use. This will also shape the communication tactic that she uses. It is important for Emily to recognize that culture is diverse. There is national culture, religious culture and social cultural practices. These are different across all systems. Managing a business entity that has a multicultural image is a challenge because of the barriers, and customer perception. Her choice of Mr. Hamasaki as the business link the region could be from the fact that the Japanese have respect for the elderly(Karasawa, et al., 2011). In fact, there is a cultural day for the elderly. This psychological affiliation with the elderly gives the brand a positive image. Emily knows that for her to appeal to the Japanese consumer, a cultural link is necessary. As much as it is easy to adopt other cultures like celebrations, symbolic culture is hard to change. Hofstedes approach to culture dimensions has limitations. Although the Japanese culture may have respect for the aged, modern technology tactics favor the young generation. Therefore uniting organizational culture with national and individual culture becomes a challenge. In the global business culture, women have a place in business leadership. However, in Japan, Mr. Hamasaki who is more elderly may have to take the lead in making business decisions(Fang, 2012). This brings about issues of leadership in the Aromatic Condiment Shop business. The better model for managing complex organizations would be the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE). This approach takes into consideration the culture in society as well as the business plan. In the contemporary business world, globalization allows small and large companies to access customers from all parts of the globe. Entrepreneurs use cultural intelligence to spread business ideas in new cultures(Llopis, 2013). This is not easy because different parts of the world speak different languages, have different practices and lifestyles. In business, it is crucial to understand the customer as well as the business objectives. This helps the brand to meet the consumer needs satisfactorily and make profit(Kiron Shockley, 2011). However, some successful businesses have experienced failures in specific areas for failure to understand the cultural dimensions in the new markets. The trick is to learn the consumers cultural values, embrace the cultural eleme nts and gain their trust. GLOBE recognizes the leadership capacity of organizational innovators like Emily. In her quest to access cross border markets, she needs a strategy that caters for the Japanese markets. A narrow look at the demographics will also confirm whether the target market has consumers that are more youthful(Rashi, 2016). This will guide Emilys choice of marketing tactics. For instance, social media provides a great platform for the brand to announce its presence in Japan. E-commerce opens up this brand to the regional market. The online interaction helps Emilys brand to define itself and create a long-term relationship with consumers. Therefore, Emily will have a chance to surpass the expectations of the Japanese culture, in which men dominate the business sector(Hu, 2017). As a woman in charge of the business, Emily faces a challenge of redefining gender roles in her organization and in the business world. Although using cultural tactics provides business opportunities, business in the emerging markets of Asia have other challenges (Cavusgil, et al., 2012). Connecting cultural factors to effective management of business operations is a plus. Emily needs to treat her employees and stakeholders in the business well. This will improve her image for more respect. Profile entrepreneurs receive recognition globally despite their cultural affiliations and gender(Kelley, et al., 2012). One way to capture the attention of the Japanese region is to use Corporate Social Responsibility as business ethics and PR strategy. In Japan, visionary women in social entrepreneurship have a better chance of success(Welsh, et al., 2014). Emilys brand has a chance to adopt this as an initiative or contribute towards its activities. The country needs mentors like Emily and she could use this as a chance to connect with women who are the target customers for her products. In conclusion, the Japanese business etiquette includes respect for the elderly. As Emily approaches Mr. Hamasaki for business, she needs to be polite, kind and sensitive to the Japanese cultural values. Having come from a global culture background where women have the ability to lead, she cannot ignore traditional protocol. Her dressing code needs to represent the culture. Paying attention to the Japanese national values includes simple things like arriving for meetings on time, being pleasant and protocol. Emily needs to learn important character attributes such as patience, which is important in business. Therefore, embracing Japanese etiquette takes more than getting to know the language. It also comprises of basic personality factors that people in the national culture can appreciate. Business acumen in the global markets cannot succeed without paying attention to cultural diversities in the multinational brands. Cultural dimensions address cultural barriers for small and large companies. References Barton, D. W., 2017. The 8 most important condiments and ingredients in Japanese cuisine. [Online] Available at: https://japanology.org/2017/04/the-8-most-important-condiments-and-ingredients-in-japanese-cuisine/ [Accessed 15 August 2017]. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. Akcal, A. A., 2012. Doing business in emerging markets. s.l.:Sage. Chhokar, J., Brodbeck, F. House, R. J. (., 2013. Culture and leadrship across the world: The GLOBE book of indepth studies of 25 societies. s.l.:Routledge. Fang, T., 2012. Yin Yang: A new perspective on culture. Management and organization Review, 8(1), pp. 25-50. Hu, E., 2017. Women are Making Their Voices Heard in Male Dominated Japanese Politics. npr, 13 January. Karasawa, M. et al., 2011. Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: A comparison of Japan and the US. International Journal of Aging Human Devepment, 73(1), pp. 73-98. Kelley, D., Singer, S. Herrington, M., 2012. The global entrepreneurship monitor., s.l.: Global Report GEM 2011. Kiron, D. Shockley, R., 2011. Creating business value with analytics. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(1), p. 57.

Spongebob Essay Example For Students

Spongebob Essay Outline1 The role of cartoons in modern society2 The popularity of SpongeBob cartoon3 The SpongeBob’s appearance4 SpongeBob Square Pants: The Naive and Happy Optimist5 Patrick Star: The Flawed, Loyal Friend The role of cartoons in modern society One of the effective tools for the development and upbringing of the child is the animation. Experts investigated the effect of cartoons on the psyche of children and confirmed their developing, cognitive and educational role. Figurative, colorful and spectacular cartoons are close in their developing abilities to fairy tales, games, and live communication. Cartoons are directly involved in the upbringing of the child. According to many psychologists, visual images have a great influence on the development and upbringing of the baby. Bright moving figures of the characters of the animated film attract attention, fascinate the child, and seize consciousness. There is always morality in cartoons. Their integral part is the negative character, which usually has its reasons to be evil. One of such examples is SpongeBob cartoon, which is popular all over the world. Writing the SpongeBob essay is an unusual assignment for college students, that’s why we are going to provide you with the dream paper example. The popularity of SpongeBob cartoon We will write a custom essay on Spongebob specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now SpongeBob Square Pants is a cartoon show available on the Nickelodeon television network. The meme has resulted in a variety of different children’s apparel, toys, school gear, and DVDs. The main character, SpongeBob Square Pants, has become a figure immediately recognizable by both adults and children. He has gained significance as both a television star and a loveable friend. Since its official debut in the summer of 1999, Sponge Bob Square Pants has had great success, and there is no indication that the show will lose its popularity. While on the surface SpongeBob Square Pants might appear to project a counter-cultural rejection of tradition and authority figures, on the contrary, the text projects many elements that support the American cultural ideal of the American Dream. Thus, in the analysis of the television show, SpongeBob Square Pants, we set aside a strictly entertaining form of popular culture to demonstrate the show’s ability to equip both children and adults for contemporary society. The SpongeBob’s appearance SpongeBob Square Pants was created in Burbank, California in 1999 by a producer, Stephen Hillenburg (Whitney, 2002). The main character, SpongeBob Square Pants is voiced by Tom Kenny – who has used his quirky voice and contagious laugh to allow SpongeBob to stand out among American society’s vast lineup of cartoons. Still being created today, the television show has only taken one break in creating new episodes, and that was to produce a movie, The SpongeBob Square Pants Movie, in 2004. Interestingly, the show’s producer, Stephen Hillenburg earned a degree in natural resource planning and interpretation and used this education to teach marine biology at the Orange County Marine Institute for three years (Strauss, 2002). Pursuing a master’s degree in the arts, Hillenberg had a suitable background for knowing how to create animated characters that can â€Å"live in a pineapple under the sea.† Hillenberg also explained that the show works due to the uncomplicated plots that focus on the interaction of the characters rather than on specific topics (Whitney, 2002). The popularity of the show is illustrated best by the span of the viewing audience for SpongeBob Square Pants, which ranges from age five to forty-nine. Interestingly, of the series 56.1 million monthly viewers, 13.3 million of those viewers were nine to fourteen-year-olds, and 18.6 million of those landed in the age category ranging from eighteen to forty-nine. SpongeBob Square Pants is aired on Nickelodeon, which began running television programs in 1979, where it was and is still owned by Viacom. Nickelodeon has now been expanded into various audience-specific channels, including Nick, Nick Jr., and Nick at Nite. The audience-specific channels enable Nickelodeon is very successful in appealing to multiple audiences. .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .postImageUrl , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:hover , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:visited , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:active { border:0!important; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:active , .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44 .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua334b70339d1057b3e1cdd43576a0b44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug Abuse EssaySpongeBob Square Pants: The Naive and Happy Optimist In each text, SpongeBob starts the scene with the happiest, most hopeful attitude. His unbearably ridiculous laugh radiates from him in every happy moment he encounters. Whenever there is a problem presented to a secondary character, he reassures the other with concrete optimism. The other characters respond to his happiness – and loud laughter – in different ways; however, he maintains his undying optimism. Whenever another character is experiencing a hardship, SpongeBob takes pride in helping and doing anything possible to ease their situation. He prides himself on being punctual, helpful, and a model citizen of Bikini Bottom. In reviewing the full episode, it is clear that SpongeBob’s excitement permeates throughout. There is much significance placed on SpongeBob’s personality, especially as he confronts the other, very different, characters. A few specific examples of SpongeBob’s optimism from the four episodes are: â€Å"Help Wanted† – SpongeBob wakes up to his obnoxiously loud alarm clock and immediately jumps up into song and dance—ready for a new day. â€Å"Tea at the TreeDome† – In hopes of gaining the attention of Sandy and not letting Patrick down, he risks shriveling up into a water-less sponge. â€Å"Sweet and Sour Squid† – When Squidward’s clarinet gets smashed by a vehicle, SpongeBob offers a silver lining: â€Å"Phew! He almost got your clarinet!† â€Å"The Googly Artiste† – When Patrick gets frustrated with his lack of artistic ability, SpongeBob keeps encouraging him until Patrick realizes his potential. Patrick Star: The Flawed, Loyal Friend SpongeBob can always count on the loyalty of his best friend, Patrick. Whatever the day brings for SpongeBob, he can rely on Patrick’s constant support. Patrick is an interesting character who does not possess the intellect or maturity to make wise decisions. He is also easily persuaded, making him very gullible and vulnerable to others’ wrongdoings. He does not comprehend much of what the other characters say and, if he does, he usually interprets the information in a much different way. Because of this, Patrick tends to get lucky a lot. His immature ordeals may turn to successes, but these accomplishments are very much on the surface and not easily understood by the others – except his best friend, SpongeBob. As you can see above, there are many ideas for writing the SpongeBob essay. Doesn’t matter which font you choose, the main thing is content.

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter F

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter F Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter F used in chemistry and chemical engineering.f - femtoF - FluorineFA - Fully AmorphousFA - Furnace AnnealingFAC - Free Available ChlorineFAD - Flavin Adenine DinucleotideFADE - Fast Atomic Density EvaluationFAN - Free Amino NitrogenFAS - Fluorescence Actin StainingFAS - Folic Acid SynthesisFBC - Fesser, Bishop and Campbell modelFBD - Free Body DiagramFBR - Fast Breeder ReactorFC - Face CellFC - Face CenteredFC - Fragment CrystallizationFCC - Face Centered CubicFCC - Fluid Catalytic CrackingFCC - Food Chemical CodexFCCU - Fluidized Catalytic Cracking UnitFCHC - Face Centered Hyper-CubicFCS - Fellow of the Chemical SocietyFCS - Fire Control SystemFCS - Fluorescence Correlation SpectroscopyFE - FerredoxinFE - Free EnergyFe - IronFGC - Flue Gas ConditioningFIGD - Flow Injection/Gas DiffusionFIGE - Field Inversion Gel ElectrophoresisF IPS - Fast Imaging Plasma SpectrometerFm - FermiumFOS - FructoOligoSaccharideFP - Freezing PointFPD - Freezing Point DepressionFPLC - Fast Performance Liquid ChromatographyFr - FranciumFRAP - Fluorine-Resistant Acid PhosphataseFRS - Fellow of the Royal SocietyFS - Free StateFSA - Formamidine Sulphinic AcidFW - Formula Weight​

Situation Audit & TimeLine for UNILEVER FOOD SOLUTION Essay

Situation Audit & TimeLine for UNILEVER FOOD SOLUTION - Essay Example uilar (1967) was the first academician to discuss business analysis through a tool he called ETPS (Economic, Technological, Political and Social factors). According to him these external environmental factor influenced business decisions. From then onwards this has changed names to PEST, PESTEL etc and used extensively as an external analytical tool. (Aguilar 1967). Politically conditions and policies for companies dealing with food, even pre-cooked food are favourable and there are few barriers posed except for stringent health concerns. Therefore worldwide there is acceptance for Unilever foods. The economic factors are favourable too as with globalization of trade and industry more work is being created and incomes, specially of the middle class that consumes most of the pre-cooked foods, is rising. This is creating new markets for such products. Speaking of social factors it must be said that with the advent of industrial and trading activity, people of all classes, from executives to workers, are more actively engaged with work and have less time for cooking at home. This makes pre-cooked food a preferred item for its ease and ready to serve capability and is also less expensive than eating out. According to van Wylick (2007, pg. 1), Porters Five Forces model represents an ideal situational analysis of an industry. The central force is competitive rivalry that exists within the given industry. The other four forces that Unilever must deal with are the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of customers, the threat of new entrants, and the threat of substitute products. In this time of economic turmoil, suppliers can have quite a bit of bargaining power over Unilever. A good supply chain can offset this problem. The bargaining power of customers is also strong in this unstable economy and drives the pricing of the products. The threat of new entrants is unlikely since the market is fairly saturated and the economy does not favor new

World economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World economy - Essay Example And then, it might prove effective for the organization to present varied types of inventive products as per the requirements of the customers thereby amplifying the brand image and productivity of the organization in the market among other rival players. Moreover, in order to enhance the level of reliability and loyalty of the customers over a brand, customer retention is also extremely essential. It might prove effective in enhancing the brand value of the organization thereby amplifying its level of competitiveness to a certain extent in the future age among other players. Globalization is described as the process to move towards a more integrated and inter-reliant economy. This is mainly due to certain key environmental factors such as competitiveness, market trends, technology, political and economic scenario. Competitiveness- it is denoted as another vital environmental driver that offered significant impacts over the profitability of the organizations operating in diverse segments. Therefore, in order to cope up with such challenges, maximum extent of the organizations decided to offer varied types of inventive products to retain its brand image and customer base for longer period of time. Economic downturn- it is also another factor that offered a negative impact over the functions and operations of the organizations. As a result, in order to survive, most of the organization implemented the strategy of presenting value-added products at lowest possible price. So that, it might be used by the individual of varying age groups, religions, living standards and life style. Only then, the level of turnover and profitability of the organization might get enhanced with a significant extent in the future era as well. Thus, from the above paragraph, it might be analyzed that globalization makes nation-states more inter-dependent over one –another, i.e. more integrated into a global economy (World Trade Organization, 2008). Technology- introduction of varied

Agenda Setting Essay Example for Free

Agenda Setting Essay Agenda Setting Patricia Wigington Grand Canyon University COM 126 Introduction The mass media today, no longer reports public opinion, it drives it. This paper discusses how mass media sets the agenda, and what impact this had on the issues that emerged during the 2008 presidential election. According to Donald Shaw and Maxwell Combs, agenda is a theory to describe now the news media can have a considerable impact on shaping the publics opinion of a social reality, on influencing what people believe are important issues. (ShawMcCombs, 1977) Agenda Setting Media consolidation is one thing that contributes to agenda-setting. As the number of newspapers dwindles and radio and TV stations are sold to one or two conglomerates, the news is in effect being censored because it reflect only the viewpoint of a single organization. If conflicting views are never even mentioned, the public is never aware that there is an entirely different side to the issue than the one being presented. It requires persistence to find out the facts of an issue, and people may not make the effort. Then too, the media itself has changed dramatically in recent years. Many people now get their news from digital media including the Internet, but the flood of electronic information may not make them more knowledgeable, just more informed about issues they may not consider important. Marshall McLuhan once famously argued that the medium is the message; David Considine twists it slightly, to the idea that the â€Å"medium is the massage,† and that we are all being worked over by the media, in particular younger people (Considine, 2009, p. 65). Today’s technology, people using several electronic devices simultaneously, practice widely known as multitasking (Considine, 2009). Time Magazine wondered, however, if people are â€Å"too wired for their own good,† and whether modern media were contributing to â€Å"students’ reduced attention spans, making it harder for educators to reach and teach them† (Considine, 2009, p. 65). There is a legitimate question as to whether this environment of electronic noise and constant communication makes them â€Å"active and informed citizens† or merely â€Å"spectators moving from one distraction to another† (Considine, 2009, p. 65). The answer seems clear when Considine reveals that despite the fact that in 2006, the number of young people ages 18-29 in the U. S. was 50 million, only seven million voted in the mid-term election (Considine, 2009). In other words, they have access to information but don’t transform that information into knowledge or political action. Younger people are a volatile population when it comes to voting. They become wildly enthusiastic for a particular candidate such as Ron Paul or Howard Dean, but fail to show up at the polls (Considine, 2009). Barack Obama was able to energize this group on his own behalf and that of other Democratic candidates: â€Å"Exit polling from the January 2008 Iowa caucus for the Democratic candidates showed a record turnout among eighteen-to twenty-nine year olds, who heavily supported the theme of change promoted by Senator Barack Obama† (Considine, 2009, p. 66). Now of course they seem to have disengaged again and organizations such as Democracy for America and Moveon. org are actively working to re-energize them and get them to the polls in November. Part of Barack Obama’s success in the 2008 election was due to his savvy use of electronic media (Considine, 2009). He was able to â€Å"use new technology to reach and energize voters; his campaign built a substantial database and achieved record-breaking fundraising† (Considine, 2009, p. 66). It also seems logical that part of his appeal is that he does know how to use Twitter and FaceBook, and that he tweets personal messages; his electronic presence immediately makes his opponent look old and out of touch. He further endeared himself to young voters and â€Å"reaffirmed his commitment to communication technology when he insisted on keeping his personal Blackberry† (Considine, 2009,p. 66) The tendency of the media to set agendas was clearly shown in the summer of 2009, when electronic forums such as YouTube and Twitter, along with traditional outlets such as newspaper columns, took up the health-care debate and buzzed about such ludicrous and inaccurate items as â€Å"’death panels,’ socialism, Hitler and fascism† (Jones McBeth, 2010, p. 29). These scare tactics, which are all completely false, were used to try and discredit both the reform effort and the President, and are a clear example of the way the media sets an agenda. Picking up on the hysteria of the far right, the media repeated the lies without doing any fact checking, leading commentators to wonder â€Å"how these ideas rationally relate to the debate over reform† (Jones McBeth, 2010, p. 329). The fact that these crazy notions were not only given credence but reported widely, and continue to appear in the media, show how powerful such things can be â€Å"in shaping public opinion and ultimately in shaping governmental action† (Jones McBeth, 2010, p. 329). The misleading claims about â€Å"death panels,† the idea of Obama being Hitler and leading the country into a Socialist government are all â€Å"elements of larger policy tall-tales that were intentionally used by opponents of health-care reform attempting to derail President Obama’s reform. Obama’s supporters countered these lies with stories of their own: personal accounts from Americans who, for various reasons, were priced out of the heath care system or even denied care (Jones McBeth, 2010). The use of narratives is a powerful tool in setting the political agenda in the United States. One study found that although TV and internet users had a common agenda (the use of electronic media), their â€Å"ranked agendas† differed greatly from the ranked agendas of the media themselves (Brubaker, 2008). That is, the TV watchers and internet users were not interested in the programming or information that was being presented to them: â€Å"The overall general media audience ranked 10 or the 11 public affairs issues significantly different than presented by the media† (Brubaker, 2008). TV watchers and internet users were interested in â€Å"important public affairs issues,† but the agenda they were following â€Å"significantly differed from the agenda that medium was showing them’ (Brubaker, 2008). This implies that the media â€Å"are not powerful in setting the agenda of important public affairs or political issues. People have particular issues they feel are important, regardless of what the media present† (Brubaker, 2008). This seems to be at odds with the idea that the media sets the agenda. and people simply put up with it. With regard to the 2008 Presidential election, the agenda presented by the media was that of the war in Iraq, but it was quickly displaced by concern about the economy; an agenda driven by consumers’ interests, not those of the media (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). But this source claims that the media set another agenda, a highly visible but totally unnecessary one, that of race. Barack Obama is black, and that became a major issue in the election: â€Å"The measurement of Obama’s potential success didn’t lie in whether or not voters were willing to vote for a black candidate, but whether or not voters, more specifically white voters, could view Obama, or blacks in general, as leaders (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). Had the media been more concerned about Obama’s positions and qualifications and less about the color of his skin, the entire election would have been conducted on a much higher level. This source also notes that the racial issues was studied in swing states like Ohio, where it was deemed to be extremely important (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). In one study, Ohio was measured for â€Å"favorability between candidates in the areas of republicans, democrats, independents, men, women, whites and blacks;† it was found that a vast majority of black voters, as many as 90%, favored Obama, no matter what their previous voting record or party affiliation was (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). The question raised by this result is whether our society â€Å"is the way it is because of the media, or is the media a direct reflection of the way society is †¦ In the case of Obama for President, the media clearly allowed race to chase to the top of the list of exaggerated issues that never should have been a part of the presidential election in the first place† (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). In response to the popularity of Obama, the Republicans tried to set the media agenda to focus on issues such as Iraq and health care, arguing that race should not be consuming the attention focused on it (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010). But Republicans also tried to set an agenda favorable to them by introducing Sarah Palin as their vice presidential candidate to appeal to women voters; setting the agenda worked in Ohio, where pollsters noted a shift among women of all races who were not previously affiliated with a particular party (Agenda setting and the Obama election, 2010).

Thompson Valley Towne Center :: case study Towne Center Essays, solution

Thompson Valley Towne Center INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Thompson Valley Towne Center case study exemplifies how complicated a development project can get, especially with the presentation of a highly involved property rights litigation. Many issues arise in this particular project involving multiple parties. All these issues must be closely analyzed and continually monitored by the partnership developing the mixed-use project. Holsapple and Marostica begin to contemplate the continuance on the project as they see many bumps in its road to completion. The initial idea sounded so great, and now the partnership is debating whether to scrap the entire project at a substantial loss. LOOKING FOR THE LAND   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is my contention that finding and acquiring a property is the most important step in the development process. This decision will determine the involvement of a project as well as its success. The preliminary goal set forth by the partnership was to locate a property in Loveland, Colorado. They initially set out to complete three residential subdivision and any additional opportunities they found to develop for commercial use. So they went out and researched potential sites to develop. Form here, they would make a selection as to which properties they thought were best fit for development. One property they came across was at the north west corner of First and Taft. After viewing ownership and encumbrance information, they discovered that the property was being reviewed for a commercial center called Centennial Village. This land was obviously out of question for the partnership to develop, and could raise a possible competitive situation between the two complet ed projects. So the search continued on until the partners came across an 80-acre piece of property.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80 acres is a lot of land and could be home to more than just a shopping center. The access to this parcel could be made with much more ease, and it was just down the street from the previously mentioned parcel. A mixed-use development was definitely obtainable with 80 acres to wok with. Mixed-use projects are further complicated when dealing with the government as far as easements and zoning concern. Other considerations for this location involve a huge gulch and irrigation ditch lining the boundary on the southeast corner of the property. These are just a few issues that Holsapple and Marostica must have in mind when deciding to acquire such this large property. Although this project looks promising, the conveyance of the land would be extremely complex, as the partnership would soon discover through the O & E on this land. Thompson Valley Towne Center :: case study Towne Center Essays, solution Thompson Valley Towne Center INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Thompson Valley Towne Center case study exemplifies how complicated a development project can get, especially with the presentation of a highly involved property rights litigation. Many issues arise in this particular project involving multiple parties. All these issues must be closely analyzed and continually monitored by the partnership developing the mixed-use project. Holsapple and Marostica begin to contemplate the continuance on the project as they see many bumps in its road to completion. The initial idea sounded so great, and now the partnership is debating whether to scrap the entire project at a substantial loss. LOOKING FOR THE LAND   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is my contention that finding and acquiring a property is the most important step in the development process. This decision will determine the involvement of a project as well as its success. The preliminary goal set forth by the partnership was to locate a property in Loveland, Colorado. They initially set out to complete three residential subdivision and any additional opportunities they found to develop for commercial use. So they went out and researched potential sites to develop. Form here, they would make a selection as to which properties they thought were best fit for development. One property they came across was at the north west corner of First and Taft. After viewing ownership and encumbrance information, they discovered that the property was being reviewed for a commercial center called Centennial Village. This land was obviously out of question for the partnership to develop, and could raise a possible competitive situation between the two complet ed projects. So the search continued on until the partners came across an 80-acre piece of property.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  80 acres is a lot of land and could be home to more than just a shopping center. The access to this parcel could be made with much more ease, and it was just down the street from the previously mentioned parcel. A mixed-use development was definitely obtainable with 80 acres to wok with. Mixed-use projects are further complicated when dealing with the government as far as easements and zoning concern. Other considerations for this location involve a huge gulch and irrigation ditch lining the boundary on the southeast corner of the property. These are just a few issues that Holsapple and Marostica must have in mind when deciding to acquire such this large property. Although this project looks promising, the conveyance of the land would be extremely complex, as the partnership would soon discover through the O & E on this land.

Is the Uk political system democratic? Essay

â€Å"A government of the people, by the people, for the people.† The word democracy comes from the Greek words â€Å"demos† which means the people and â€Å"kratos† which means authority, or power. A democratic political system is one in which the ultimate political authority is vested in the people this means that all eligible citizens are able to participate equally either directly or through elected representatives in the proposal, development, and creation of laws that will change and shape everyday life. A democratic country aims to have an accountable government that serve the best interests of the people it is governing. The UK is a liberal democracy which ensures that citizens should be able to influence governmental decisions made. The UK’s governmental system contains no written constitution. This means that theoretically the government are free to pass any legislation as long as they have the majority in parliament which could be easily achieved if the party has a large majority of seats. This means there is no safeguard for laws that can be altered or new ones that could be created. This is very undemocratic as the government therefore have too much power. The government is also in possession of other powers such as the royal prerogative that allows the prime minister to go to war without consent from parliament. An example of where this was used was the Iraq war in 2003 which was heavily resented by a large majority of the public. The most important thing is that true democracy is participatory democracy, where members of the public are effectively members of the government by voting directly on policies. However this is difficult to administer and as a result most modern democracies are representative. The public chooses who they wish to possess power and trust that person to devise policies that will benefit them. A representative democracy can easily become an elected dictatorship if the population’s views are not heard. Considering it from a purely political stance, democracy is power to the people, which establishes itself through the vote. We vote on members of the Commons but not on the Lords. We vote on local representatives but not party leaders. We vote on people but not policies. We vote people into Parliament but not out of it. We vote for a particular party but our second choices are not considered. We vote on only that which we are asked to vote on. We cannot ensure policies are maintained throughout a ministerial term by our vote. Evidently our democracy is far from flawless, and this is not even considering the social aspects of its meaning, i.e. the extent to which we are free police barraging of public protesters and Rupert Murdoch’s mass media control showed us that we are not quite as free as the democratic terminology seems to suggest. You could say that the UK can be made more democratic through a proportional electoral system, compulsory voting, a removal of unelected members of Parliament and more referendums. But it seems in these examples, more democratic is inversely proportional to more efficient. Proportional electoral systems may confuse voters and will result in less strong government, compulsory voting would cumber us with the careless votes of those uninterested in politics and therefore would not be an accurate representation of what the population wants a removal of unelected members of Parliament may increase political bias and reduce the expert value of the Lords. Referendums may be subject to people who do not know what is best for the country, and even then only those who set the agenda of democracy can be understood as a process of people governing their state and managing community affairs all together, based on consensus. The UK is in many ways not democratic. Firstly, the UK amongst many other countries claims to be a democracy. This would suggest that UK citizens have effective influence over government and over decisions that affect them. However there has been much controversy over this claim some arguing that power lies in the hands of just a few and others standing by the allegation that power in the UK is widely distributed. Secondly, First Past The Post has had a big impact on UK democracy. The system we use to elect our MPs has a real impact on how politics works in The UK. It has a direct effect on whether politicians truly represent us and whether we can hold them to account if they let us down. The defeat of the 2011 Alternative Vote (AV) referendum means it is now more important than ever to discredit our failed system and we are continuing to build the case for change at Westminster. This in turn means any of our votes just don’t count. Millions of people have no chance of deciding who their MP will be. And our votes are wasted by the system. Additionally, parties continue to focus all their time, money and effort on a handful of ‘marginal seats’, so just a few thousand voters can decide who runs Britain. As Jean-Jacques Rousseau highlighted in The Social Contract democracy in its political sense can only be efficient when the general will of the people is the same as each and every individual will. Here he argues that this can only be achieved through a classless society with censorship and civil religion. As democracy in modern society is now taken to be equal to freedom its efficiency as a political system is halted by its connotative meaning. This means Rousseau’s method of effective and true democracy would be considered undemocratic in the modern world. Britain may not be truly democratic but it is as democratic as it can be whilst maintaining the constancy and competency of its political workings.

The Romantic Poetry Of Blake And Shelley - 1494 Words

Contrary States of Human Existence expressed in the Romantic Poetry of Blake and Shelley The Romantic Period centered on creative imagination, nature, mythology, symbolism, feelings and intuition, freedom from laws, impulsiveness, simplistic language, personal experiences, democracy, and liberty, significant in various art forms including poetry. The development of the self and self-awareness became a major theme as the Romantic Period was seen as an unpredictable release of artistic energy, new found confidence, and creative power found in the writings of the Romantic poets Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley, who made a substantial impact on the world of poetry. Two of the Romantic poets, William Blake, and Percy Bysshe Shelley rebelled against convention and authority in search of personal, political and artistic freedom. Blake and Shelley attempted to liberate the subjugated people through the contrary state of human existence prevalent throughout their writings, including Blake’s â€Å"The Chimney Sweepers,† from â€Å"Songs of Innocenc e†, â€Å"London,† from â€Å"Songs of Experience† and Shelley’s A Song: â€Å"Men of England.† William Blake was deeply aware of the great political and social issues during his time focusing his writing on the injustices going on in the world around him. He juxtaposed the state of human existence through his works Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794), showing differentiating sides of humanity. The contrast between Songs ofShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Works Of John Keats, Percy Shelley, And William Blake1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe romantic period, lasting from the late 18th to the early 19th century, followed the Age of Reason. During this time people had an individualized, free, liberal, and imaginative attitude towards life. Literature itself was full of introspection, emotion, passion, sublimity, beauty, and spontaneity, with subjects such as humankind, the soul, flowers, the common people and more. Of all of the Romantic values and subjects, the beauty, creativity, and morals of nature is what truly inspired humanRead MoreReflective Poetry Essay757 W ords   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Reflective Poetry Essay Composing poetry is an artistic expression; subsequently it’s a way of conveying everything that needs to be conveyed and finding importance in expressions. Through poetry words are illuminated to form a picture, express feeling and share a thought in so few words. Putting down on paper all the emotions going through ones head is a way of re-living and remembering the overwhelming emotions they grapple with throughout their lives. Poet Michelle Williams states that: Read MoreEssay on Romanticism and Shelleys Ode to the West Wind985 Words   |  4 PagesAbrams wrote, The Romantic period was eminently an age obsessed with fact of violent change (Revolution 659). And Percy Shelley is often thought of as the quintessential Romantic poet (Appelbaum x). The Ode to the West Wind expresses perfectly the aims and views of the Romantic period. Shelleys poem expresses the yearning for Genius. In the Romantic era, it was common to associate genius with an attendant spirit or force of nature from which the genius came; the Romantics perceived the artistRead MoreEssay on Common Issues in Romanticism1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmarked in William Blake’s poems â€Å"Infant Sorrow† and â€Å"On Another’s Sorrow†, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Shelley, like Blake, argues for continual development of innocence to experience, and through the character of Victor Frankenstein’s creation, Mary Shelley suggests the equilibrium of innocence and experience offers insight into the human condition. The shift is distinguished by what Blake states in plate 3, stanza 2 of â€Å"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell†: â€Å"Without contraries is no progression†Read MoreLondon and England in 1819 as Expressions of Rebellion1484 Words   |  6 Pagesimprisonment or death did not stop William Bl ake or Percy Shelley. Both of these writers rebelled against their government: in 1803, Blake found himself facing charges of â€Å"seditious threats against the crown. With England at war with France, this was a capital offense for which the penalty could have been death.† (171). He also had â€Å"been arrested in 1780 under suspicion of being a spy for France.† (171). His lack of regard for authority mirrors Shelley, who â€Å"was always a risk-taker, and could beRead More Nature of the Mind Essay810 Words   |  4 Pages William Blake, a poet that strongly believed in the power of mind, once wrote, if we see with imagination, we see all things in the infinite. The Romantic poets use their imagination when gazing at nature, and therefore see and feel the infinite through their poetry. William Wordsworth expresses the serene beauty that nature possesses and its calming effects on the mind. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, one of the poetic geniuses of the age, uses nature and his imagination to create surreal atmospheresRead MoreEssay on Romantic Poetry1126 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry is a varied art form. Poetry is expression with words, using aesthetics and definition. Word choice in poetry is the single most important thing. Devices such as assonance, alliteration and rhythm work in a poem to convey a certain image or to facilitate understanding. Similes and metaphors can take two unlike objects, such as a potato and cinderblock, and if done the correct way use them to describe how Abraham Lincoln de alt with scoundrels. Poetry is beautiful. One of the best genres inRead More The Romanticism Period 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesthe truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allows them to be free from the artificial aspects of civilization; they were with man’s true setting. Nature was there to reveal and heal individuals. An example of the love for nature in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poetry ‘Frost at Midnight’Read MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 Pageslearning during the Renaissance, because of the invention of the printing press and the return of classical Greek and Roman literature. The Romantic period occurred during the late eighteenth century, as a response to the Enlightenment. The Romantics believed in the importance of the imagination and turned away from logical thinking. The Renaissance and the Romantic periods are similar, because they focus on individuality and occur a s a rebellion to the previous period; but they are also different,

Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing - 583 Words

Standardized testing has its pros and cons I do not believe in it but I will give you proof for and against the testing. We will cover some the history and where the testing came from and why we do it. I will talk a little bit of how I feel about testing and how much we should focus on how the students do on the test. I have interviewed a few teachers that I had when I went to school and some personal friends that are teachers now and how it effects how they teach. Most historians trace the beginning of standardized testing to seventh-century China, when the government began administering written exams to select candidates for the civil service. As part of this exam, applicants were required to display knowledge of Confucian philosophy and to compose poetry. Strenuous testing continues today in China with the Chinese National Higher Education Entrance Examinations, commonly called the Gaokao, or high test. The Gaokao is required to gain admittance to higher education in China. In 2010, ten million Chinese students took this test, competing for 5.7 million college and university placements. Manuela Zoninsein opines in Slate, â€Å"It is China’s SAT—if the SAT lasted two days, covered everything learned since kindergarten, and had the power to determine one’s entire professional trajectory.† Standardized testing in the United States has a much shorter history. In 1845, public education advocate Horace Mann called for standardized testing of spelling, geography, and math inShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Standardized Testing801 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial topic Since Middle School, I was not opposed to standardized testing. I thought of it as a way of testing us of what we have learned. Although, after reading some articles about standardized testing I am re-thinking the pros and cons. From personal experience, I thought of it as a challenge to pass them. But now that reminisce about it, I noticed some of the cons of standardized testing. I remember having a week or two dedicated for testing, and in case of students failing they had to take timeRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1400 Words   |  6 PagesEven though there are many downsides to standardized testing there are still viable reasons why they are still being used today. One of the main reasons includes the easy and quick access of testing students. Standardized testing allows schools to quickly access a large amount of students at one time. This is also one of the cheapest ways to tests such a large crowd due to machinery that grades which results in low tests costs f or students. These tests also help by setting a national curriculum forRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing1050 Words   |  5 Pageseducational world is standardized tests. All fifty states have their own standards following the common core curriculum. There are many positives and negatives that go with the standardized tests. A standardized test is any type of â€Å"examination thats administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner† (Popham, 1999). These standardized tests are either aptitude tests or achievement tests. Schools use achievement tests to compare students. There are pros to standardized examinations as toolsRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1025 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are standardized tests? Standardized tests are exams that are administered, scored, and interpreted in the same way for all students. Now there are many pros and cons of standardized testing however, I believe that public and private schools should just abolish standardized testing all together. These tests determine a student’s academic performance and each student is given the same test with the same questions and answers. These tests are designed to measure the students learning capabilitiesRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesStandardized testing is a down fall to many students but also an opportunity for many others. Standardized testing has its pros and its cons. It can be the make it or break it factor into getting into colleges you are hoping to attend or the scholarships you want to earn. Some p eople may have their opinions about the test, whether they hate it or not but the fact is that it’s here to stay. What exactly is standardized testing you may ask, it is a test which measures the knowledge among differentRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1491 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing was introduced by French psychologist Alfred Binet in 1905. The test originated because Binet was commissioned by the French government to create a tool to identify which students needed remedial studies. Over time, the standardized tests evolved into multiple different tests in multiple subjects for varying age groups of students. The tests were initially seen as a way to test a large sum of people with the same general questions to see an individual’s knowledge. Some peopleRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1511 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years the educational system has faced various controversial issues, but the most recent one making a negative impact on students, is standardized testing. Standardized testing is a type of testing used to evaluate stud ents academic abilities . It is a way to measure if standards are being met but does not provide a variation in the type of administration based on the students needs (Sacks, 2000). In other words, all children are provided these test to track their learning progress basedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1100 Words   |  5 Pagesscience, history, and science. Then, every year, students typically take one big standardized test, or even more. These tests are claimed to give educators an objective that’s unbiased. Standardized testing supposedly helps identify the natural tendency of individual students, identifying skill development and progress. However, are these things what standardized testing really do for students? Standardized testing only measures a small portion of what makes education substantial. This means thatRead MorePros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1201 Words   |  5 Pages Standardized testing is all based on your performance as a student on a specific day, time and place. What it doesn’t show is how you perform on a day to day basis. These types of test can be given in any type of form that requires test takers to answer the same questions, and is then scored in a â€Å"standard† or consistent manner. Students should not have to take standardized test because of many reasons. As a human I have days where I’m tired and didn’t get enough sleep the night before or it isRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing704 Words   |  3 Pagesschool. But the majority can attest to saying that they all hate standardized testing and the week that it brings. Every student knows this week all too well. From having one to two tests a day and then shortly after not being able to function properly on the rest of the school day. Many students will say that they all hate the idea of standardized testing and wish it to be gone. The real question stands though: is standardized testing increasing the performance of students? The main argument against

There Are Two Types Of Diabetes That Occur Not Due To...

There are two types of diabetes that occur not due to pregnancy: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as â€Å"insulin dependent† and â€Å"juvenile† diabetes occurs because of a genetic hiccup in which the pancreas’ beta cells can’t properly create and distribute insulin, causing the individual to have to take injections. The second type of diabetes, Type 2, occurs when the body can’t make enough insulin for adequate function of the body, albeit from age or weight. In this type of diabetes insulin injections are less common (although can still be prescribed depending), which is why the main focus and recommendations will be based on Type 1 diabetic mothers. Organizations like The American Diabetes Association (ADA), The National Institute of†¦show more content†¦Using a population-based study, researchers used a Medical Birth Registry in Sweden, gaining data on about 5,000 type 1 diabetic pregnancies. They also used approximately 1,200,000 pregnancies deemed â€Å"healthy† as a control group. In studying these births and the health of the children from 1991 to 2003, researchers found a prominent correlation between type one diabetic mothers and â€Å"preeclampsia, cesarean section delivery, . . . still births, perinatal mortality, and major malformations.† On top of these issues, there was a seen increase in preterm births and cases of fetal macrosomia among the diabetic group (Persson, Norman, Hanson, 2009, p. [Page #]).(Persson, Norman, Hanson, 2009) To get even more specific, a study was done about the sole issue of the number of stillbirths that result in diabetic pregnancies. Using pregnancies from 1990-2000, researchers analyzed characteristics of the pregnancy: the mother, her control over her diabetes, the pregnancy itself, and the still born. Looking through 1300 women, 25 stillbirths were found among 22 women. Within those stillbirths, 9 were caused by poor glycemic control, with the rest due to explainable (smoking, poor environment, diabetic nephropathy etc) or unexplainable causes. To further test how insulin boluses change through out pregnancy, a study was conducted to test the difference between the use of an insulin pumpShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus As A Disability1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe amount of patients being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus has sky-rocketed these past few years. ‘†In 2010 the figures were 25.8 million and 8.3%†Ã¢â‚¬  and has increased in ‘†2012 to 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3%.†(American Diabetes Association, 2014); it is seen nationwide, and has now even begun to affect our youth. In South Texas Diabetes Mellitus seems to be the number one thriving disease affecting its general population. Diabetes Mellitus is now one of the most widely known diseases thatRead MoreEssay On Diabetes761 Words   |  4 Pagespatients with T1DM, glucagon secretion is not suppressed by hyperglycemia (Holt, 2004). The resultant inappropriately elevated glucagon levels exacerbate the metabolic defects due to insulin deficiency. In type 2 diabetes these mechanisms break down, with the consequence that the two main pathological defects in type2 diabetes are impaired insulin secretion through a dysfunction of the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cell, and impaired insulin action through insulin resistance. In situations where resistance to insulinRead MoreEssay on Exploring the Different Forms and Effects of Diabetes555 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a very well known disorder and serious illness. Also, Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism and the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. There are three types of diabetes, these include Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes (Bernstein). There are many factors that play into the development of this disease such as with Type 1 diabetes it is a disease that affects the way your body uses food. This type of diabetes is usually found in children as wellRead MoreDiabetes Is A Chronic Disease1517 Words   |  7 PagesIntrod uction Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is a chronic disease caused by number of reasons. Diabetic patients are characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood in sugar) resulting from defect of insulin secretion (Mellitus, 2005). World Health Organization (2008) defined the Diabetes untreated disease, known by chronic rise of the concentration of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose is a major source of energy in our body; food converts to fats, protein, and carbohydrates. Carbohydrates during eatingRead MoreDiabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1603 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes is caused when a person’s blood sugar level becomes too high. This is often described as a lifelong condition. There are two types of Diabetes within the UK; Type 1 Diabetes, where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells that the body uses to produce insulin. This can develop over weeks or even days. Type 2 Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells do not react to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. Many peopleRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus ( Gdm )1683 Words   |  7 PagesGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and caused by insulin resistance in the body. Risk factors of GDM include maternal age, ethnicity, family history, BMI, and deficiency of vitamin D. To be diagnosed with GDM, a woman must go through two screenings tests called the glucose challenge test and glucose tolerance test with high blood glucose resu lts. Proper management such as a healthy diet, physical activity, and medications are needed to preventRead MoreDiabetes Is A Chronic Disease1450 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is a chronic disease caused by number of reasons. Diabetic patient characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood in sugar) resulting from defect of insulin secretion (Mellitus, 2005). World Health Organization (2008) defined the Diabetes untreated disease, known by chronic rise of the concentration of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Glucose is major source of energy in our body, food is convert to fats, protein, and carbohydrate. Carbohydrate when eat, convertRead MoreEssay Understanding Diabetes1726 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes is a very well known disorder. Nearly eighteen million people in the United States alone have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious illness, and there are about 1,800 new cases are being diagnosed each day. To completely understand diabetes, a person must first know how the body works with the disease and then determine which type of diabetes he/she has. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes. There are many factors that play into the developmentRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Type Of Diabetes1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that was first discovered during pregnancy. According to Canadian Diabetes Association (2015), three to twenty percent of women develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). GDM is a result of increased insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. Incidence of GDM varies by age, body weight, and ethnicity. Canadian Diabetes Association (2015) mentioned that individuals who are at greater risk include women over 35 years of age, womenRead MoreApply Principles Of Diabetic Nursing Care Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthe glucagon hormone in the blood. It is characterised by a distinctive rash, diabetes, weight loss, stomatitis and hypoaminoacidemia (Goldman Schafer 2015, p. 101). c) Gluconeogenesis (1mark) Gluconeogenesis is the process in which the liver predominantly forms glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and amino acids, but can also occur to a smaller extent in the kidneys. It occurs when the carbohydrate source is not sufficient enough to meet the body’s energy

Areas Of Feasibility Free Essays

Also additional members of employee will be hired for the better arrive; trainings Of staff are necessity for the future tourist goers in Mat. Pico De Lord. To ensure the safety and wellness of each tourist Wanderlust Sojourners will help Mat. We will write a custom essay sample on Areas Of Feasibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pico De Core to recruit well-trained staff that are capable in giving better quality of services. Following are in line for refinement of service at Mat. Pico De Lord: Proposed Operational Hours: 6:00 AM- Opening hours 4:00 PM- Closing hours Overnight can be done as long as following restriction is being followed such as: 1. Potential hikers can climb the mountain for the allowable closing hours ND go down with the permitted opening hours 2. Weather is also to consider whenever potential hikers would like to do overnight. For the following restriction are to be followed well-trained staff should be hired. Security personnel, trained Tour Guides, and Registrars personnel. Wanderlust Sojourners can make a better Operational system in Mat. Pico De Lord such as; Improvement on accuracy and efficiency of sales, reservations, and accounting of revenues, Improvement of operational efficiency (elimination of repetitive tasks, current information readily accessible). Improvement of guest service (accurate and fast dissemination of guest information) Resources In order for the Mat. Pico De Lord to accommodate the changes it will need additional help to restructure. Since Mat. Pico De Core is a government owned the participation of National and Local Government unit will be a great factor, in need for the management and financing so the proposed project can be effectively executed. Most especially the local government, in the moment the project will gain its profits the Local will be the first hand to get the benefits of the project. Private sectors and Voluntary sponsored are also welcome. For the Government and private sectors to work together both must agreed upon through a variety of mechanisms including contracts and concessions. Marketing For the Mat. Pico De Lord to be well known, Wanderlust Sojourners will design a marketing Strategy that would help Mat. Pico De Core gained potential tourist. Wanderlust Sojourners Will make Mat. Pico De Lord as natural environment with a potential to build a recreational and adventurous experience to its potential tourist. Mat. Pico De Core would also endorse a rare opportunity to the community around it. It will revivalist the industry where in the community will benefit. Mat. Pico De Lord could facilitate coordination and make assistance to the community. While there is widespread public interest I preserving the area’s natural and cultural values. Wanderlust Sojourners will arrange a Marketing Strategy that will promote Mat. Pico De Lord. Wanderlust Sojourners will make Market Development wherein identifying and developing new market segment for current products (market expansion). Wanderlust Sojourners will also use Service Development treated for the modification of services offered. Diversification strategy will also likely to be use through acquiring business outside the site and Mat. Pico De Lord services offered. Use of Social Media (faceable, twitter, instating, and creating official weeping for Mat. Pico De Lord) and Prints Ads (newspaper and magazines) are to be done for the intense promotion of Mat. Pico De Lord to gain more potential tourist. With all of this Marketing Services Wanderlust Sojourners will help Mat. Pico De Lord to target and promote to the right tourists. Market Research The market areas would be defined based on distance from the site. Demographic characteristics for the resident market would be analyzed to provide an indication of support. How to cite Areas Of Feasibility, Papers

Continuing Crisis in Tertiary Education of Developing and Transition Countries free essay sample

Caste- The unequal treatment for the students that come from the tribe or ethnic groups are very evident. -In Venezuela, the widespread preferential admission for students of University professors and employees is an example of positive discrimination in favor of the children of the already privileged intellectual elite. In India, efforts to reduce barriers that linked to caste but still the representation of students from different tribes and castes are still low. . Language – contribute to social inequality in countries where tertiary education is conducted in a language different from that of primary and secondary education. In Sri Lanka and Tanzania- English is the language of tertiary instruction but French is used in their everyday’s living. 3. Gender- it is also a barrier in the education of tertiary level. Gender differences in tertiary enrollment in some of the countries are very visible as shown in the table: Gender Disparity in Enrollment and Teacher Deployment, Selected Countries, 1997 Region and country| Combined primary- and secondary-level gross enrollment ratio| Tertiary-level students per 1,000 population| Proportion of women in tertiary education (percent)| Share of female teachers (percent)| | female| male| female| male| | Secondary| Tertiary| AfricaBotswanaMadagascarSouth AfricaAsiaCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaKuwaitYemen, Rep. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuing Crisis in Tertiary Education of Developing and Transition Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Latin AmericaBrazilColombiaGuyanaIndustrial CountriesAustriaNew ZealandUnited States| 935140689562796834898710210899| 9051478698818569908785104105100| 5. 51. 614. 60. 33. 34. 88. 125. 91. 111. 718. 28. 928. 249. 958. 4| 6. 41. 915. 91. 76. 17. 915. 219. 37. 310. 117. 110. 231. 340. 148. 2| 4745481636356213535248485656| 4364273637544862555756| 28293717-382831264039| Source: United Nations (2000) Under the gender inequalities, it includes also the lodging or location of nstitutions. Universities are typically located in urban areas limiting access for rural female students since families may be less inclined to permit daughters than sons to live outside the home in mixed-gender environment in urban areas. 4. Family Income- The major determinants of inequality in tertiary education. -In the availability of free tertiary education, still families with high income are the ones who have the higher chance or opportunity for free tertiary education. The children of high and middle income fam ilies who can afford to cost of high quality private secondary schools are usually better prepared to pass the public university entrance examination giving access to free higher education. -Families who can afford private tutoring in secondary level have better chance in competitive entrance examination that will avail their children for free tertiary education. The raised of fees in tertiary level made a noticeable decrease in the enrollment that is being felt not only in the Philippines but in other developing and transition countries. Remedies/Actions made by different countries to achieve equality in tertiary education. * In India despite special provision free tertiary education and reservation of places for students from scheduled castes and tribes, The actual percentage of enrolled students from this groups are still low because of the proportionally small number of minority students who completed primary and secondary education. * In the Philippines the free tertiary education are mostly availed by those students with a families of higher income that afford them of high quality education of private school that made a better chance for entrance examination. In South Africa the affirmative actions are still to be fully accessed whether successful or not, that is the admission of deserving black applicants who have not been given an adequate opportunity to demonstrate their ability to succeed. * Actions were also made in the inequality of the women from men in the tertiary level in Africa: In Ghana and Uganda â €“ they gave bonus points for women in taking admission examination so that more of them pass the cut off points. Evidently from that action enrollment of women in tertiary level increase from 27- 34 %. In Uganda and 21-27% in Ghana. In Tanzania, instead of giving bonus points they give a six- week remedial course for the women to give them a chance to pass the admission examinations . Inequalities in the education of tertiary level is a problem since time immemorial, but countries can do positive actions to eradicate the problem or to decrease if not to completely solve it. Focusing on financial aid such as scholarships, grants, and students Educational loans seem to be more effective form of equity interventions for capable aspirants from minority or under privileged populations. In addition stronger efforts must clearly be made mush earlier in a student’s educational career, particularly at the primary and secondary level, so that all students have equal opportunity to compete for entry to tertiary education. Gina A. Grezula MEM B Problems of Quality and Relevance Although there are exceptions, the quality and relevance of research, teaching, and learning have tended to decline in public tertiary education institutions in developing countries. Many universities operate with overcrowded and deteriorating physical facilities, limited and obsolete library resources, insufficient equipment and instructional materials, outdated curricula, unqualified teaching staff, poorly prepared secondary students, and an absence of academic rigor and systematic evaluation of performance. Similar conditions can be found in many of the new private universities and other tertiary institutions that have emerged in many countries, especially in those that lack a formal system for licensing or accrediting new institutions. In the formerly socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, drastic reductions in public funding are jeopardizing the quality and sustainability of existing programs and even the survival of entire institutions. In many countries the poor quality of teacher training programs has detrimental effects on the quality of learning in primary and secondary education. Weak secondary education and scienti? c literacy, in turn, do not arm high school graduates with the necessary skills for successful tertiary-level studies. Most universities in developing nations function at the periphery of the international scienti? c community, unable to participate in the production and adaptation of knowledge necessary to confront their countries’ most important economic and social problems. Although few countries have exhaustive data to document the depth of the problem systematically, in countries where information is available the situation is alarming. For example, in 1995 a task force on higher education in the Philippines concluded, after reviewing information on critical education inputs and the results of professional examinations for the 1,316 existing tertiary education institutions, that only 9 universities and 2 colleges in the country were comparable in quality to international institutions. In India highly regarded programs such as those of the Indian Institutes of Technology exist side by side with scienti? c and technical programs of poor quality and relevance. Even Russia, once a world leader in advanced science and technology fields such as theoretical physics, nuclear technology, and space technologies, has seen a collapse of its Ramp;D sector. As reported in a recent OECD publication, in Russia â€Å"? nancial crises, decaying equipment, unemployment and higher wages in other sectors drove large numbers of researchers . . . away from science and technology† (Cervantes and Malkin 2001). In both public and private institutions the lack of full-time quali? ed teachers is an important contributor to poor quality. In Latin America, for example, the share of professors with doctoral degrees teaching in public universities is less than 6 percent, and the share with a master’s degree is less than 26 percent. More than 60 percent of the teachers in the public sector work part-time; in the private universities the proportion is as high as 86 percent (Garcia Guadilla 1998). In the Philippines only 7 percent of the professors teaching in tertiary education institutions hold Ph. D. s; 26 percent have master’s degrees. Expansion and diversi? ation of tertiary education systems has often led to internal brain drain because low-paid professors at public institutions seek second and third jobs in extramural positions such as teaching at better-paying private institutes and colleges. As colleges, universities, and scienti? c academies in transition countries struggle to adapt to the new realities of a market economy, they are hampered by a fragmented institutional structure, characterized by a large number of small, specialized institutions and a few big universities that have a near-monopoly on teaching at high academic levels. The small institutions are not able to diversify their programs and compete effectively, and the large, most prestigious universities are often too protected by regulations and have no incentives to engage in innovation. Hungary is unique in Eastern Europe; there, a centrally initiated merger plan has reduced the number of public institutions from more than 70 to fewer than 20. In spite of the global trend toward market expansion of tertiary education, governmental and institutional responses are not always favorable to the new tendencies. For example when countries expand tertiary education haphazardly to meet increasing social demand, there is a high risk of graduate unemployment. (To mention just two countries in different regions, in Nigeria graduate unemployment is 22 percent, and in Sri Lanka it is 35 percent. ) In many countries the mismatch between the pro? le of graduates and labor market demands is most apparent among graduates in the social sciences and humanities. The Republic of Yemen, for instance, has an oversupply of liberal arts graduates, and their skills do not meet the needs of the economy. On the faculty side, this can lead to an oversupply of teachers of nonscienti? c subjects. Tertiary education institutions often lack adequate labor market information to guide prospective students, parents, and employers. In many countries of Africa the toll of HIV/AIDS is changing tertiary education institutions in tragic ways. At the University of Nairobi, an estimated 20 to 30 percent of the 20,000 students are HIV positive (Bollag 2001; Kelly 2001), and in South Africa infection rates for undergraduate students have reportedly reached 33 percent (ACU 2001). Not only have students been directly affected by the pandemic, whether suffering from the disease themselves or caring for someone at home; so too have the faculty and administration. In some instances HIV/AIDS has robbed colleges and universities of their instructors and other personnel, crippling the institutions and further reducing the countries’ development opportunities, let alone their capacity to produce local leaders, civil servants, and trained intellectuals. Zambia’s Copperbelt University is said to have lost approximately 20 staff members in 2001, and Kenyatta University in Nairobi estimates that it lost 1 staff member or student per month during the same period. Problems of quality and relevance are not con? ned to traditional universities. Even in countries that have diversi? ed the structure of tertiary education, relevance can become a serious issue in the absence of close linkages between tertiary education institutions and the labor market. Jordan, for instance, has actively encouraged the development of public and rivate community colleges. Nevertheless, the status, quality, and relevance of these institutions have become so problematic that the country experienced a decline in community college enrollment from 41,000 in 1990–91 to 23,000 in 1995–96. Lack of access to the global knowledge pool and the international academic environment is a growing issue. In many countries poor command of foreign languages am ong staff and students complicates access to textbooks and the Internet, especially at the graduate level. In countries such as Malaysia and Sri Lanka that had opted for the use of the national language in tertiary education, officials are now considering reversing this policy to improve the quality of tertiary education, especially in the basic and applied sciences. Many countries that experienced a doubling or tripling of tertiary enrollments and increased participation rates for young people in recent decades have seen the negative effects of rapid expansion on quality. Issues of quality assurance and quality enhancement have become a major focus of attention (El-Khawas, DePietro-Jurand, and HolmNielsen 1998). Many governments, whatever the size and stage of development of their tertiary education sectors, have decided that traditional academic controls are inadequate for dealing with today’s challenges and that more explicit quality assurance systems are needed. Countries differ in their approaches to quality promotion. Some have taken steps to strengthen quality by introducing new reporting requirements or other mechanisms of management control. In Argentina the authorities have introduced quality assurance mechanisms that depend on an enhanced information and evaluation system and new rules for funding public universities. About 20 transition and developing countries have developed accreditation systems, while others have established evaluation committees or agencies that carry out external reviews. In many cases independent bodies have been established. While the most common setup is a single national agency, in some countries, such as Colombia and Mexico, separate agencies are responsible for different institutions, regions, purposes, and types of academic program. Such variation in the approaches to quality assurance bodies re? cts political and cultural preferences within each country, differences in government leadership, and the varying stages of development of tertiary education sectors. The scope of responsibilities given to quality assurance systems has varied widely. Scotland and England, for example, have procedures for monitoring teaching effectiveness, while Hong Kong (China) is focusing on high-quality management processes. Some countries, such as Chile, have established systems for licen sing new institutions and certifying educational credentials. Others have directed their efforts toward rewarding research productivity, either of individual scholars (as in Mexico) or of entire academic departments (as in the United Kingdom). There is also wide variation in the extent to which quality assurance agencies have managed to address issues related to student transfer and to study abroad. Countries and agencies also differ in their concerns arising from the expansion of new modes of educational delivery, including video-based education, interactive transmission to remote sites, and, most recently, Internet-based learning. MARIFE F. GAN MEM B Change-Resistant Governance Structures and Rigid Management Practices In many countries, the governance structure and management traditions of public tertiary institutions are characterized by rigidities and a total lack of flexibility which inhibits any type of reform or innovation. In the name of academic freedom, institutions (and their individual constituents, faculty, administrators and students) frequently operate with limited accountability for their use of public resources or for the quality of their outputs (e. . , graduates, research). Ingrained institutional cultures, together with poor management practices and lack of accountability, explain some of the inefficiency dimensions identified earlier. The time-honored committee approach to management in universities suffers from lengthy, sometimes politically- laden, consensus-based decision making. It often lacks the agility for effective interaction with a surrounding corporate culture. The ownership of t ertiary institutions has often shifted from clients, e. g. society and students, to staff. The reason d’etre for some institutions has become providing employment and benefits for staff rather than being educational establishments geared towards the needs of the students. Such systems are rigorously guarded by cadres of academic leaders represented in academic councils who operate within a framework of institutional autonomy that is almost exclusively accountable to staff and academics. Academic leaders such as rectors, deans and heads of departments are not trained in management of large complex institutions. In many public universities in Latin America and Eastern Europe, reform-oriented rectors stand little chances of getting elected because they are perceived as a threat to established practices. When there is a change of rector, the entire management team is changed with the ensuing loss of institutional continuity. Often the institutional support systems do not provide guidance in terms of 12 monitoring and evaluation of the institutions’ own performance. Few institutions have a governance structure allowing for the participation of representatives of employers and civil society. Universities in countries as diverse as Russia, Bangladesh and Bolivia have no Boards of Trustees that would constitute an explicit external accountability channel. Reliance on performance indicators as management and planning tools is not a common practice in most countries. At the national level a stalemate often exists between academically powerful rectors conferences or councils and governments that continue to negotiate line item budgets seldom linked to institutional performance or national strategies, but generally reflect the needs of regional constituencies. This leads to a political rather than a professional system of management and governance. The consequence is a deficient governance system lacking flexibility and innovative capacity because programs are developed to serve the needs of existing staff rather than the country’s development goals, and lack of programmatic accountability because academic autonomy is not paired with financial and legal responsibility. In Brazil, the Law of Isonomy establishes uniform salaries for all federal jobs including those in the federal universities. Prolonged procedures at the level of the ministries of finance and education often cause delays in transfer of funds to tertiary education institutions. The purchase of laboratory equipment is also affected by such inefficiencies; by the time the equipment arrives it is often less up to date than originally intended and institutions end up receiving equipment supplies after the courses have taken place. In many countries and institutions, administrative procedures are also rigid when it comes to making changes in academic structure, programs or mode of operation. In Uruguay, for instance, it is only when confronted in the id-1990s with competition from emerging private universities that the venerable University of the Republicwhich had exercised a monopoly over higher education in the country for 150 years started a strategic planning process and considered establishing post-graduate programs for the first time. Another example of institutional inflexibility occurred in Venezuela, wh ere IESA, a dynamic private institute of business administration, had to wait several years to receive the official approval from the Council of Rectors for a new MBA program designed and delivered jointly with the top-rated Harvard Business School. Japan has also experienced severe institutional management rigidities. In response, the Ministry of Education recently decided to grant national universities corporate status and legal personality with the assurance that the independence of universities would be respected. The aim of this significant gesture was to provide national universities with more flexibility for managing the resources provided them through government grants. This represented a structural adjustment introducing market mechanism and accountability thereby obviates the need for institutions to seek government approval for their management decisions. In Nicaragua, the recently established University of Mobile from the US state of Alabama has been denied a license to operate by the Council of Rectors keen on protecting the Nicaraguan public universities from foreign competition. In Romania, CODECS, the first distance education institution in that country created in the early 1990s, initially faced difficulty getting recognition of its degrees by the national higher education authorities and opted instead for an alliance with the UK Open University an institution with degrees recognized by the same Romanian authorities. At a recent meeting of the US-based International Association of Management Education (April 2000), leaders of business schools expressed alarm at the slow and bureaucratic response of their institutions to technological advances and labor market changes. Eastern Europe and Central Asia also suffer from many similar constraints, but with a different historical context and dynamic. Following the collapse of the state socialist regimes, universities and other tertiary education institutions reclaimed their autonomy from state control. In some cases, protection from government intervention has been included in the newly revised constitutions. However, this autonomy has rarely been accompanied by corresponding financial authority or improvement in the institutions’ management and strategic planning capabilities. Even university and college leaders have tried to resist the newly gained autonomy for fear of reduced public funding. Further, line- item budgeting and limited control over revenues and savings do not provide incentives to encourage medium- term development strategies. A particular rigidity problem inherited from the Soviet system is the institutional separation of research and teaching, the former being administered and conducted principally in scientific academies. In countries with a binary system, academic doctoral training is assigned to universities whereas technical and applied (technical and teacher training) programs are assigned to colleges with very limited or no possibilities of partnership or transfer. Such a lack of integration of education and research as well as the lack of articulation between different forms of institution within national systems can seriously compromise the quality and competitiveness of tertiary education in these countries. Finally, tertiary education systems in many countries are not designed to deal with civil constituents. In some countries students can often muster sufficient political power to block entire systems from functioning over prolonged periods of time. One example of such overwhelming control occurred in 1999 in Mexico where UNAM, the country’s largest university (270,000 students), was forced to closed down for almost an entire year. The cause: a student strike in response to a proposed tuition fee increase from a few dollars to 120 dollars a year. Other countries have seen an alarming increase in campus violence which can be politically motivated (Colombia) or even the result of criminal activities (Bangladesh). In some countries of Africa, particularly West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal), strong academic staff unions have regularly interrupted the academic calendar for a year or more in strike actions designed to win them higher salaries. Such disruptions can severely damage the functioning of the institutions. Another element of distortion is cheating, which seems to have become more widespread in many settings throughout the world. According to the rector of the Georgian Institute of Foreign Affairs, for instance, â€Å"†¦ corruption has become practically a total form of existence [in the former republics of the Soviet Union]. Recent allegations of corruption in Chinese college admissions have tainted the objective process of selection of students. In Kenya in February 2002 authorities there claim to have broken up a ring within the Ministry of Education that had been producing and selling bogus university diplomas, polytechnic certificates, exam results, academic transcripts, an d even counterfeit identification documents such as passports. Finally, student democracy sometimes works against the academic interests of the very students it is intended to protect. In some systems extended campaigning and election periods for student or rector office can detract from teaching and learning and lead to inefficiencies rather than to better opportunities and improved education for the students. One example of the potential negative effects of student democracy can be seen in Nepal where classes are regularly suspended for at least a month during student elections time. In many countries, the growing dissatisfaction with interruptions from student politics at public universities has fueled the expansion of private tertiary education. While the growth in the number of private institutions can often be explained by increased demand for tertiary education, in many instances it is a reaction to the disenchantment with public universities which are perceived to be less attractive because of political agitation and resulting poor academic quality. References: * http://www. usp. ac. fj/worldbank2009/frame/Documents/Publications_global/Challenges_for_higher_ed_systemsEn01. pdf * www. ruforum. org/system/files/WorldBankEducationReport. pdf * http://www. mext. go. jp/english/topics/21plan/010301. htm